Where is the surface energy of the basalt. Where is a parameter of the ellipse 31, 33.Īt a particular time moment the temperature of the orthogonal KLNM becomes:
#SUBSMARINE CRACK CRACK#
As a consequence of the above, tensile stresses are development at the ends of the crack and 29, 30, 31, 33. Then a compressive stress is generated given by (2.4).
At the temperature of the orthogonal KLNM increases.
#SUBSMARINE CRACK FREE#
Since at the orthogonal KLNM was free of external stress, it results that the ends of the ellipse and were also free of stress. The process we described above and the final result indicated in Figure 4 and Figure 5 respectively. The last is fastly growing and splits the orthogonal KLNM into two pieces. Then from (2.4) it follows that and a vissible crack is producing due to the union of mesomicrocracks. įinally at the temperature ascends to θ(t 3) such that: At present phase an increasing rate of arised mesomicrocracs is recorcorded. Īt the temperature ascends to θ(t 2) and lies: At this phase: i) new invissible mesomicrocracks are producing and ii) the preexisting invissible microcracks start growing. Where is the absolute magnitude of the stress fracture of basalt under compression. At the temperature of the orthogonal KLNM increases due to contact with the hot -spot and becomes such that: With other words the process of the fracture of basalt is similar with those of chalazites.Īs we stated earlier at the temperature of orthogonal KLNM was. Basalt is a very strong rock and belongs to same category with chalazites, with the sense that both rocks have similar mechanical properties under compression 31, 32. This means that our volcano initially had mesomicrocracks. However all bodies have invissible cracks 29, 30. I) The orthogonal KLNM of the volcano had no vissible cracks Finally microcracks are invissible cracks whose length are of the order of μicrometres. Some of them are vissible by naked eye and some others are invissible.
Mesocracks are the cracks whose length varies from some μicrometres until some millimeters. Macroscopic are ordinary cracks whose length varies from some centimeters until some metres. Structural are the cracks whose length varies from some hundrend metres until some kilometres. Anything to the contrary you see in movies is mostly "dramatic license".The cracks are divided to the following categories: structural, macrocracks, mesocraks and microcracks. The only way a crew can survive for any significant length of time is if the pressure hull is still intact. However, in deep-water events, all of this is for naught, because the bulkheads between compartments are not nearly as strong as the pressure hull, and they will fail regardless of the state of the valves. In this case, it is necessary to surface ASAP. Second best is to close the valves of all of the other compartments, which will allow the air system to flood in addition to the affected compartment and prevent all compartments from getting new air. Therefore, it is best if the valves for that compartment can be closed, which would allow the rest of the compartments to continue to operate normally. If a leak from the outside occurs in one compartment, these valves would allow it to flood the entire submarine. I think that the "cranks" you're talking about are the vent valves that allow air circulation between compartments inside the submarine, which are normally left open in order to allow the air purification equipment to provide clean air to each compartment and remove the stale air.
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